On Filling Library Orders 



In SCRIBNER'S Library 
Department special atten- 
tion is given to the follow- 
ing details, which will 
interest LIBRARIANS: 




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CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 

15^-15- FIFTH A VENT K. N K W YORK 



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gJ^MKERalAYLORC? 




AME^RJC^N I 



ASSOCIATION 




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TWE N T Y - FI FTH ANNUAL 
C O N F E, P^ E, N C E 
NIAGAP^A FAJLLS 
tJUNE, Z2. - Z7 MCMIII 



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IN EXCHANGE 
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W H 1-. R K I N W I-, T A K F. PRIDE 




HE Niagara Region, by which title the 

in'land-stretching banks of our river, from 

Erie to Ontario, are known to man, 

. touches the history of many persons, of 

many inventions, and of many branches 

: of universal knowledge, at many points. 

In the records of the American Indian, 

of France, of Great Britain, of Canada, 

and of the United States, 

"Its name is on their pages. 
And vou cannot blot it out." 

"Tell of its glory, and of its story, in half a 
dozen pages ? " Impossible. 

" Refer to a few of its many claims to renown r " 
Gladly. 

Its narrative is " histor\ ," in the broadest and 
best sense; for it tells, not only of "wars and 
rumors of wars," but also of the religions, of the 
civilization, of the arts of peace, and of the progresses 
of many peoples. 

It dates back, in Indian tradition, to the remotest 
past; and in Indian story, for years before a white 
man trod its soil. 

Its name is writ large in the Indian Missions of 
the Roman Catholic Church, and in the service of 
her priests under the flag bearing the lilies of 
France. 

It has acknowledged, on its eastern shore, the 
sovereignty, in turn, of three of the great nations of 
the modern world ; and on its western shore, of 
two of them. 



It has seen battles, some ot undving fame, and 
decisive of the ownership of vast areas, perhaps ot 
the continent, fought within its limits. 

Many times and long has diplomacy exerted all 
of its arts and of its abilities for its acquisition. 

It has played a not unimportant part in the west- 
ward extension of civilization and of settlement. 

Its name is linked with that of commerce, both 
on land and water. 

It is associated with the sciences, in several paths. 

It is prominent, through its reproductions, in the 
illustrative ; and through its achievements, in the 
mechanical arts. 

Its scenic grandeur, and the actions ot two 
sovereign commonwealths, in preserving the sur- 
roundings of its main glory for all time for the tree 
use of all mankind, are known of all men. 

And, in the literature of the world, and in many 
tongues, if holds :i hv no means inconspicuous 
place. 



Indian tradition tells that the aborigines were 
wont to gaze in awe upon the spray ot the Falls, as 
being the abode of the Great Spirit of Niagara, 
whom the tribes, from far and near, worshiped; and 
to whom they offered as sacrifices, by casting into 
the waters, weapons of the braves, for success in war 
and in the chase ; and truits of the earth, for the 
abundance of the crops. In still higher homage, in 
propitiation of His favor to their race, they annually 
sacrificed the fairest maiden of the nation, chosen 
by lot; sending her over the Falls in a white canoe 
bedecked with fruits and flowers. After death, the 
chiefs were laid to rest on Goat Island, which " none 



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but brave men e'er could reach," and which has 
been called " the most interesting spot in all Amer- 
ica." In later days the Neuter Nation held sway 
over this regi-on, until obliterated, about 1650, by 
the savage Senecas, who remained " lords ot the 
soil," even under French occupation, until com- 
pelled to cede it to Britain, in 1764, as payment tor 
past hostilities. 



Priests of the Catholic Church, who daily risked 
their lives as thev carried the Gospel to the Indian 
tribes in an unknown wilderness, were here during 
the seventeenth century. In 1626, Father Daillon 
crossed its stream, " the 
great river of the Neu- 
trals"; and others, 
between that date 
and 1679, when 
Hennepin and his 
Brother Recollects, 
w h o accompanied 
the explorer La Salle, 
stood upon its banks 
It is to Father Hennepi 
that the world owes the earliest Migara(Hennep: 
description of the Falls, and the first picture 
thereof. While Champlain, who never saw them, 
made the first reference to them in literature, just 
three centuries ago this year ; and Father Rague- 
neau, in 1648, wrote of this "cataract of tearful 
height " ; it is Hennepin's " great and prodigious 
cadence of waters, which falls down after a surpris- 
ing and astonishinar manner, insomuch that the 




universe does not afford its parallel," that remains 
even until to-day as the quaintest and best known 
ot all descriptions thereof. 

The earlier cross-bearers came singly or b\ ;\^w^. 
Hennepin and those after him were in the companv 
of armed men. Yet neither the voluntary suffer- 
ings of the first nor the enforced teachings of the 
last wrought any permanent Christian benefits 
among either Neuters or Sencc;is. 

France, through La Salle's friendly intercourse 
with the Senecas, first gained a foothold here. After 
his death, she built by arms, at the mouth of the 
river, a fort, which British influence soon com- 
pelled her to abandon. Four decades later, she 
built on the same spot a "stone house," in reality a 
fort, which dominated this region ; and gradually 
enlarged it, until it exceeded in area the Fort 
Niagara of to-day. In 1759, Britain captured it, 
and French control passed awav forever. 1776 
brought the revolt of the Colonists, and when the 
Revolution ended the title to the eastern shore of 







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(.lur river passed to the 
United States ; although 
not until 1796 did Britain 
relinquish F<irt Niagara, 
and with it the control of 
the American frontier. 
Since then, except for a 
brief period, during the 
war of 1 812, no flag sav< 
that of the Stars and Stripes 
has ever floated over us. 




Wars have raged and 
bloody battles have been 
fought upon our soil ; the 
earliest of record, when 
the Senecas suddenly fell upon the inhabitants of a 
Neuter village and annihilated them. In after years 
their winter's siege of P'ort DeNonville almost 
annihilated its garrison, compelled its demolition, 
and the withdrawal of the French. 

In 1759, the thrice-projected British attack on 
Fort Niagara took form, and an army laid siege to 
it. A few days of cannonading, with the advantage 
all on the side of the besiegers, and the relieving 
force, consisting of all the Frenchmen and Indians 
that could be hastily gathered in the west, reached 
it. Sir William Johnson, with his forces in battle 
array, met and routed them. The fort surrendered 
and Britain's long dream of its possession was at 
last fulfilled. Four years later, Pontiac's Great 
Conspiracy touched this frontier, in the Devil's 
Hole Massacre ; where the Senecas, still friendlv to 
France, ambushed first a British supplv train, and 



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then the force that hurried to its assistance ; nearly 
one hundred scalped corpses testifying to the pre- 
cision of their plan and to the exactness of its 
execution. 

The Revolution, in actual warfare, never reached 
this river, but Fort Niagara was a plague spot to 
the Colonists. It was the headquarters of Brant, 
the Butlers and their fiendish crew. There were 
planned and thence set out those expeditions known 
as " the border warfare of the Revolution," which 
wrought death and destruction through western 
New York and northern Pennsylvania; including 
the massacres of Wyoming and Cherry Valley. 
The War of 1812 brought devastation to this entire 
frontier. The mere mention of the battles ot 
Queenston Heights, of Fort George, of Chippawa, 
of Lundy's Lane, of the two (the one an assault on 
and the other a sortie from) of Fort Erie; the 
capture of Fort Niagara, and the burning of every 
village, and of almost every dwelling along the 
river, tells the story in skeleton. Lundy's Lane, 
fought under the glorious light of a summer's 
moon, on the heights above and only a mile trom 
the Falls, whose roar seemed to be a requiem for 
the dead, is still famed as a hand-to-hand conflict 
with appalling casualties in proportion to the 
numbers engaged. It is further famed, in that 
nearly one hundred years have failed to decide who 
won it. We Americans still claim a victory ; while 
our well-beloved Canadian neighbors, being in pos- 
session of the site, annually celebrate thereon their 
ancestors' triumph. And more famous still is that 
sortie by the Americans from Fort Erie which 
ended the war in this region; and which has been 



referred to, bv Lord Napier, -'as the only msrunce 
in history where a besieging army was totally routed 
and dispersed bv a single sortie." The most im- 
portant feature of the Canadian " Patriot " Rebellion 
of 1837, which culminated in the burning of the 
steamer " Caroline," nearly involving us in another 
war with Britain, happened on this frontier; as did 
also the main events of the Fenian Rebellion ot 
1866. 

The control of the Niagara Region engaged the 
attention of the diplomats of both France and 
Britain for many vears; trom 1680 to 1725, its 
acquisition was one of the main features of the 
policies of those governments. France secured it, 
but Britain prompth' compassed her withdrawal. 
Years afterwards France again acquired it, and held 
it, in spite of all her rival's threats and wiles. Then 
began the plannings; on one side to hold it, on the 
other to oust its possessor. When diplomacy and 
intrigue had failed, arms were resorted to ; and there 
Britain won. Her diplomacy failed again in dealing 




with her American Colonies. To arms again ; but 
this time Britain lost. The Revolution robbed her 
of all her American possessions, save what she had 
torn from France ; and even of one-half of what 
she had thus gained along this river. Even then 
Britain's diplomacy did not despair. For thirteen 
vears, 1783 to 1796, known in history as the 
" Hold Over Period," she held five of our forts, 
Niagara the most important. Onlv on her evacua- 
tion of that fort was the tangible hope of some day 
reconquering her rebellious Colonies dismissed. 
Indeed, not until the close of the War of 181 2 was 
it reallv abandoned. 




Till- fiorgc. 



it has played its part, and an important one, in the 
extension of civilization and in the settlement of 
the West. " Niagara is without exception the most 
important post in America, and secures a greater 
number of communications, through a more exten- 



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sive country, than any other pass in the world," wrote 
Mr. Wynne, in 1770. It was the great highway 
between the seaboard and the Mississippi. By its 
famous portage lay the westward route for all. 
Under French rule it was secure; her soldiers were 
there, and Frenchmen were on terms of amitv with 
the western Indian tribes. Under Britain, it was 
also the favored route. But it lay in the Senecas' 
country, and they were hostile at heart. So it was 
fortified. There was a fort at its lower end ; between 
that and the river above the Falls, a distance of 
seven miles, were eleven block houses, garrisoned 
and cannoned ; at its upper end was Fort Schlosser. 
It was the best-protected highway in all America. 
Over it passed an enormous traffic, the trade of half 
a continent; consisting of boats for the soldiers 
and trappers on their way to and from Detroit 
and even points beyond, ammunition and stores of 
every description for the western posts, and loads 
of cheap merchandise, to be exchanged by the traders 
for valuable furs. 

With these cargoes went the different classes of 
men, who thus taught the savages the ways of their 
white brethren. 

Eastward, over the portage, came a steady stream 
of peltries, gathered over a boundless territory, 
en route from Detroit, the western metropolis of 
the fur trade, to New York. Had there been 
no Niagara Portage — it was secure and it was 
easy, for by it there was an otherwise unbroken 
water trip between Oswego and Detroit — the his- 
tory of the fur trade, and of its semi-settlement of 
the West, would have told of greater hardships 
and of slower sfrowth. 



Its name is linked with the commerce of the con- 
tinent. At a point, fiv^e miles above the Falls, where 
to-day is a village bearing his name, La Salle, in 
I 679, built the " Griifon," of " sixty tons burthen," 
the first vessel other than an Indian canoe to float 
on the upper lakes; the forerunner of the enormous 
lake commerce of to-day, of which so large a part 
comes to our frontier. And, in 1764, a British 
engineer. Captain John Montresor, built, up the 
Lewiston mountain, from the water's edge to the 
top of the heights, an inclined plane ; which was 
the first adaptation of the principle of the modern 
railroad, and therefore entitled to rank as the first 
railway built in America. It consisted of two 
parallel lines of tree logs, laid end to end, on stone 
piers. On the grooved top of each pair of rails ran 
a car or sled. When loaded with approximate 
weights, the labor of raising the upgoing one was 
not so great. Capstans were placed at its upper 
end, around them passed several turns of a strong 
rope, whose either end was attached to the cars. 
Indian labor furnished the motive power, each brave 
receiving as a day's pay a pint of rum and a plug of 
tobacco. Over that railway passed a traffic of whose 
extent, let it be recorded, that at one time, in 1764, 
no less than 5,000 barrels of provisions alone lay 
at Fort Schlosser, awaiting shipment to the West. 



It is known in the sciences. In geology, its 
name occurs in the classification of the groups ; and 
there is no better spot at which to study the strata 
of the rocks, and to learn the formation of the outer 
crust of our sphere, than in its famous gorge. 
The Falls have been called the " Sun Clock of the 



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Ages," and geologists have repeatedly tried to deter- 
mine the age of the earth, bv deductions as to the 
cycles of time (varying in estimate from 7,000 to 
hundreds of thousands of vears) it has taken for the 
Palls to wear their way back through the seven miles 
of rock from Oueenston Heights, where the vast 
inland sea first broke over the rocky barrier of that 
confining ridge and where then Niagara was born. 

It is also known in botany. The flora of this 
region is abundant and diversified ; the gorge itself 
offering rare facilities for study, especially in that 
section immediately below the Falls, where the 
ever-present moisture of the spray creates unusual 
conditions of verdure. While on Goat Island, 
with its eighty acres, it is recorded that there are to 
he found a greater number of varving botanical 
species than exist, within an equal area, anvwhere 
else in North America. 



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Kcsidcncc .Street. 



Its name is associated with the arts. In the illus- 
trative, by reason of its many reproductions, it 
touches every branch. It has been given form, 
times innumerable, in oils, in water colors, in lithog- 
raphy, in engraving, in every known reproductive 
process; above all, in photography. It probably is 
not too much to say, that there is no one spot on 
earth of which more photographs have been taken 
than of Niagara. 

In the mechanical arts, its connection is too 
varied to be treated of in a few words. In hydrau- 
lics, its reputation is world wide ; in civil engineer- 
ing, especially bridge building, it is by no means 
unknown ; the first bridge to span its gorge (Roeb- 
ling's) was the marvel of its time, and later ones are 
not unworthy successors. It is the home of the 
greatest electrical plant on earth ; and as an electri- 
cal center and power producer, it is but idle guess- 
work to foretell to what limits it will expand. That 



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it will forever remain the electric center ot North 
America, and that it will lead all other localities, as 
the choice of manufacturers employing any of the 
electrolytic processes, or requiring vast units of this 
power, would seem to be opinions far on the safe 
side. Thus, through its products, and the inven- 
tions by means of which they are achieved, it will 
be still further linked to these arts. 



Of its scenic glories I must not try to write. 
In adjoining pages, in so far as an entire volume 
can be condensed into a few hnes, it is appropriately 
referred to. Niagara, in all its summer beauty, 
lies spread out before our eyes. One beholds it 
all, and is thankful. Each time that one views it 
some new attribute appears. It is, in very truth, 
" The emblem of God's majesty on earth." Many 
gifted men and women have tried to record their 
impressions of it. Has any one of them ever 
been successful r One of the best, probably the 
shortest, possibly the most eloquent, certainly the 
most non-descriptive, was that by Fanny Kemble, 
who merely wrote : " I lifted up mine eyes, and 
beheld Niagara — Oh, God! Who can describe that 
sight?" 



On account of its scenery our region has played 
a prominent part in the general literature of the 
world. It touches it at many points. The forego- 
ing notes show some of them, but by no means all. 
In poetry, Niagara is not unnamed. In prose, and 
in many tongues, in works descriptive, scientific, 
reminiscent (especially ot travel), it is a component 



element ; even in fiction it is not neglected. A 
bibliography of Niagara is neither uninteresting nor 
uninstructive ; neither is it short. 



All knowledge is recorded in books. And it is 
at a world-known spot, to which, in some of its 
many aspects, many references are to be found on 
the shelves of every library in America, yes, prob- 
ably, in the world, that the American Library Asso- 
ciation is holding its twenty-fifth annual meeting. 

The modern history of the Niagara Region 
began with the primitive Red Man. It ends to-day 
with the progressive descendant of the Colonist. 
At the borders of the Cataract, as almost every- 
where, the civilization and prog- 
ress of the latter have swept 
away every vestige of aboriginal 
occupation. For the heel ot 
the Anglo-Saxon is on the grave 
of the Indian, and on his dwell- 
ing — by "The Thunder ot 
the Waters." 




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THK NKW YOKk STATE RESERVA- 
TION AT NIAGARA. 

1 1 E disfigurement of the ter- 
ritory in the neighborhood 
of Niagara Falls, and the 
exactions and annoyances 
experienced by visitors, 
gave rise to the movement 
for the establishment of the 
New York State Reserva- 
tion at Niagara. 
In 1869, the conditions which surrounded the 
Cataract of Niagara were considered by Frederick 
E. Church, the artist; Frederick Law Olmsted, the 
landscape architect; Hon. William Dorsheimer, of 
Buffalo; Mr. H. H. Richardson, the architect, and 
others, and remedial measures were proposed and 
discussed. 

At the request of the leaders of the movement, 
Mr. William Henry Hulbert brought the subject 
to the attention of the Earl of Dufferin, then Gov- 
ernor-General of Canada, and suggested the estab- 
lishment of an International Park on both sides of 
the river. The Earl of Dufferin at once became 
deeply Interested in the movement, and in an 
address at a meeting of the Ontario Society of 
Artists, held in Toronto, September 26, 1878, he 
first called public attention to it, in the following 
words : 

" And now, gentlemen, before I sit down, there 
is another topic to which I would for a moment 
refer. I am about to confide to you a mission 
which 1 think sufficiently connected with your pros- 



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perity to justify me in asking your assistance. In 
your neighborhood there exists, as you are aware, 
one of the most wondrous, beautiful, and stupen- 
dous scenes which the forces of nature have ever 
constructed. Indeed, so majestic is the subject, 
that, though many skillful hands have endeavored 
to transfer it to canvas, few have succeeded in 
adequately depicting its awe-inspiring characteristics. 
I allude, of course, to the Falls of Niagara. But I 
am sure that every one will agree with me in think- 
ing that the pleasure he may have derived from his 
pilgrimage to so famous a spot, whether as an artist 
or as a simple tourist, has been miserably marred 
and defeated by the inconveniences and annoyance 
he has experienced at the hands of the various 
squatting interests that have taken possession of 
every point of vantage at the Falls, who tax the 

pockets and irritate the 
nerves of the visitor, 
and by whom, just 
at the moment 
when he is 
about to give 
up his whole 
being for the 
contempla- 
tion of the 
scene before 
him, as he is 
about to feel 
the inspiration 
the natural 
iieauties around him, 
his imagination and his poetic 




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faculties are suddenly shocked and disorganized by 
a demand for ten cents. 

" Some few weeks ago I had the good fortune to 
meet His Excellency the Governor of the State ot 
New York, and I then suggested to him an idea 
which has been long present to my mind, that the 
governments of New York and Ontario, or Canada, 
should combine to acquire whatever rights may 
have been established against the public and to form 
around the Falls a small public International Park, 
not indeed decorative or in any way sophisticated 
by the penny arts of the landscape gardener, but 
carefully preserved in the picturesque condition in 
which it was originally laid out by the hand of 
Nature." 

The credit for the first official act done toward 
the establishment of the State Reservation, at 
Niagara, is due to Governor Lucius Robinson of 
the State of New York. 

In a message to the Legislature, January 9, 1879, 
Governor Robinson referred to the conference with 
Lord Dufferin, and to the preservation of the 
scenerv of the Falls of Niagara in the following 
words : 

" The civil jurisdiction over the Falls of Niagara, 
as well as the shores and waters of Niagara River, 
is divided between the State and the Province of 
Ontario, Canada. But, in one sense, the sublime 
exhibition of natural powers there witnessed is the 
property of the whole world. It is visited by 
tourists from all quarters of the globe, and it would 
seem to be incumbent upon both governments to 
protect such travelers from annoyance on either 
side. It is, however, well known, and a matter of 



universal complaint, that the most favorable points 
of observation around the Falls are appropriated for 
purposes of private profit, while the shores swarm 
with sharpers, hucksters, and peddlers, who per- 
petually harass all visitors. In the course of the 
last summer, in a casual meeting and conversation 
with Lord DufFerin, Governor-General of Canada, 
he suggested the propriety of some steps on the 
part of the State of New York and the Province of 
Ontario to remedy these abuses which he had seen 
and deeply regretted. His proposition was that 
a sort of International Park should be established, 
enclosing a suitable space on each side of the river, 
from which all the annoyances and vexations referred 
to should be excluded. Contemplating no attempt 
at landscape ornamenting in the vain hope of add- 
ing to the natural attractions of the Falls, he thought 
that each government might obtain control of a 
sufficient area to be kept sacred for the free use of 
those who, coming there from all parts of the world, 
desire to view the grand scenery without molestation. 
He believed that all this could be accomplished at 
a small expense, each government, of course, retain- 
ing jurisdiction of its own proportion of such part, 
but with a mutual understanding as to the general 
regulations to be enforced on either side. 

" Subsequently, the Governor-General called the 
attention of the Government of Ontario to the same 
matter and recommended cooperation with the State 
of New York in accomplishing the purpose in view. 
The proper course, if such a plan were deemed 
advisable, would undoubtedly be the appointment 
of commissions by both governments to confer 
together as to its details. Should such a commis- 



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sion be appointed 
bv the authorities 
of Ontario, I rec- 
ommend that you 
provide for th 
appointment of a 
similar one to con- 
sider the subject. 
There can be no 
doubt that many 
persons abstain 
from vnsiting the 
Falls in conse- 
quence of the 
annoyances referred :o, nor can tncre i>e an) 
reasonable doubt that the removal of these objec- 
tions would largely increase the number of visitors 
annually." 

May 19, 1879, the Commissioners of the State 
Survey were instructed, bv a joint resolution of the 
Legislature, " to inquire, consider, and report, what, 
if any, measures it may be. expedient for the State to 
adopt for carrying out the suggestions contained in 
the annual message of the Governor with respect to 
Niagara Falls." 

The Commissioners instructed Mr. James T. 
Gardner, Director of the State Survey, and Mr. 
Frederick Law Olmsted, to make an examination 
of the premises and to prepare a plan for considera- 
tion. On March 22, 1880, Hon. Horatio Seymour, 
President of the State Survey Board, transmitted a 
special report to the Legislature on the preservation 
of the scenery of the Falls of Niagara ; recommend- 
ing the extinguishment of the private titles to 




certain lanns imnici.u;uen iiu)iiccnc to the Falls, 
which the State should acquire bv purchase and 
hold in trust tor the people forever. 

A bill to authorize the selection of lands for a 
State Reservation in the village of Niagara Falls was 

introduced in the Legislature 
in 1880, and passed the 
Assembly, but did not 
pass the Senate. In 
1881, a similar bill 
was introduced in 
the Assembly by 
Hon. James Low, 
then representing 
the Second District 
of Niagara County ; but, 
owing to the well-known 
opposition of Governor Cornell to the project, the 
measure was abandoned. During the session of 
I 882, Governor Cornell being vet in office, no effort 
was made to secure the passage of the Niagara 
Reservation bill. 

In November, 1882, Grover Cleveland was elect- 
ed Governor. Being a resident of the western part 
of the State, it was assumed that he was in favor of 
the preservation of the scenerv of the Falls of 
Niagara. On December 6, 1882, a meeting of 
gentlemen was held at the residence of Mr. Howard 
Potter, in New York City, to consider measures for 
the advancement of the Niagara movement. Ad- 
dresses were made by Messrs. Olmsted, Potter, 
Dorsheimer, Norton, Harrison, and others. A 
committee, consisting of Messrs. J. Hampden Robb, 
Buchanan Winthrop, James T. Gardner, J. T. Van 



Rensselaer, and Francis H. Weeks, was appointed 
to proceed in the matter and to report at a future 
meeting, which was held at Municipal Hall, No. 67 
Madison Avenue, on the evening of January 11, 
i^^$. Mr. D. Willis James presided. The com- 
mittee, previously appointed, reported in favor ot 
the formation of an association, the object of which 
should be the preservation of the scenery of the 
Falls of Niagara, by legislative enactment. The 
organization was called " The Niagara Falls Asso- 
ciation," and the following officers were elected : 
President, Howard Potter; Vice-Presidents, Daniel 
Huntington, Geo. William Curtis, Cornelius Van- 
derbilt ; Secretary, Robert Lenox Belknap ; Treas- 
urer, Chas. Lanier; Executive Committee, J. 
Hampden Robb, Buchanan Winthrop, James T. 
Gardner, J. T. Van Rensselaer, Francis H. Weeks, 
Robt. W. DeForest ; Corresponding Secretary, Rev. 
J. B. Harrison. 

Invitations to become members were sent out by 
the president, and soon the membership amounted 
to 327, mostly residents of New York City and 
Boston, but including members from many ot the 
cities of the Union, the nearest to Niagara Falls 
being Hon. Sherman S. Roa:ers of Buffalo, and the 
farthest away being Mrs. Brown and Alex. H. 
Brown, M. D., of London, England. The eighth 
name upon the list of members is Edward D. 
Adams, afterward President of the Niagara Falls 
Power Company. Many women were included in 
the membership of the association. Each member 
paid an entrance fee of Sio, by which means a fund 
of 33,270 was accumulated, which was increased by 
donations. The Niagara Falls Association was 



destined tu txtrcise a great influence in tavor ot the 
passage of the Niagara Reservation acts of 1883 
and [885. 

A bill, drawn bv the direction of the Executive 
Committee, was introduced by Hon. Jacob F. 
Miller of New York City, and passed the Assem- 
bly and Senate, and on April 30, 1883, was signed 
bv Governor Cleveland and became a law. Wil- 
liam Dorsheimer, Sherman S. Rogers, Andrew H. 
Green, J. Hampden Robb, and Martin B. Anderson 
were appointed Commissioners, under the act of 
1883. On June 9, 1883, they met at Niagara Falls 
and selected the desired lands. A survey by the 
State Engineer was ordered, and made under the 
direction of Thomas Evershed, Division Engineer 
of the State canals, whose name will be forever 
associated, not only with the preservation of the 
scenery of Niagara but with the utilization of Nia 

'ira's power. 

The making of the 
survey was a long and 
difficult work. Dur- 
ing the legislative 
session of 1884, 
additional legisla- 
tion, introduced 
by Hon. George 
Clinton of Buf- 
falo, was obtained 
relating to the ap- 
praisement. Early 
m 1884, Luther R. 
Marsh, Pascal P. 
Pratt, and Mathew 




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:©. 



Hale, appraisers, were appointed, and the work of 
appraisal was carried on during the summer months. 
At its completion their report was made to the 
Commissioners, and by them submitted to the 
Supreme Court, by which it was confirmed. The 
total awards were $1,433,429.50. 

When the Legislature of the State of New York 
convened, in 1885, a bill was introduced providing 
for the payment of the awards made for the land 
selected and located bv the Commissioners of the 
State Reservation at Niagara. The measure was 
regarded as a new departure in State policy, and 
gave rise to great opposition in many sections of the 
State. Many were of the opinion that the Nation 
and not the State should adopt measures for the 
preservation of the scenery of Niagara. 

In order to counteract opposition of all kinds, the 
friends of the movement caused petitions to be 
circulated in all parts of the State, and forwarded to 
the Legislature, with letters from eminent men in 
every walk of life. Addresses were made before 
the Committees of the Legislature. The press of 
the State espoused the cause with an enthusiasm 
that overcame all opposition. On April 30, 1885, 
the bill establishing the State Reservation at Ni- 
agara received the approval of Governor H ill and 
became a law. 

On July 15, 1885, the State Reservation at Ni- 
agara was formally opened to the public. The Hon. 
Erastus Brooks presided at the exercises. The 
President of the Commission, the Hon. William 
Dorsheimer, announced the completion of the work 
of legislation. The Governor of the State of New 
York, Hon. David B. Hill, accepted the Reserva- 



tion and declared it open to the people forever. 
The oration of the day was delivered by James C. 
Carter, Esq., of New York. Addresses were also 
made by the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, the 
Hon. John Beverlv Robinson, and the Attorney 
General of Ontario, the Hon. Oliver Mowatt. 

After the dedication of the Reservation the toll 
gates were taken awav, and buildings large and 
small, one hundred and fifty in number, which 
disfigured the river banks and obstructed the view, 
were removed and, so far as possible, all traces of 
them obliterated. The number of visitors at once 
increased to nearly a million in each year, coming 
and going without disorder of any kind or injury to 
the property of the State. 

Nearly eighteen years have now elapsed since the 
establishment of the New York State Reservation 
at Niagara, and the people of the State have had 
time to judge of the merits or demerits of the new 
departure in State policy. It is now evident that 
the removal of the toll gates and fences, and allow- 
ing free access to Niagara, was a people's movement 
of the broadest kind. The Niagara experiment has 
shown the wisdom of setting aside great natural 
features of forest, cataract, mountain, and seashore 
for the common enjoyment of the people. 

The State Reservation is an ever-increasing source 
of gratification and enjoyment. The Kails of Ni- 
agara are the crowning feature of our 
commonwealth. 

As the years go by, the people of 
the State will appreciate, more and m 
more, the value of their most sul 
lime possession. 




Hon, THOMAS V VVKI-CH. 



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THE POWER OF NIAGARA, 




H E flood of water that pours 
down from Lake Erie and, 
in passing the city, finds 
its way onward to Lake 
Ontario, rushing, tum- 
bling, tossing along, has 
much in it to delight visit- 
ors. The chaotic action 
of the waters, the ripple 
here and the wild leaps there, the mightv force of 
the torrent and the unequaled plunge from the 
higher to the lower level of this wonderful and 
remarkable river, all have their fascinating features 
that arouse intense admiration. 

Man has diverted a small portion of the flow of the 
Niagara and applied it to the development of power 
that has been a material factor in the industrial 
development of Niagara. This new growth has 
attained such pleasing proportions that it is recog- 
nized as a factor in the general advancement of the 
country. Thus side by side Nature's creation and the 
works of man are rival objects of interest between 
which there is an apparent spirit of harmony, the 
one pledging itself that, no matter what its develop- 
ment mav be, it will never bedim the glory of the 
cataract. 

xAll will find the power development of Niagara 
most interesting and instructive. The great works 
here have been the inspiration for other places on 
both continents, and here man has erected the most 
wonderful apparatus ever made by human hands. Its 
inspection will be a revelation. The oldest source of 



power is a surface canal, 4,400 feet long and 100 
feet wide, that runs through the heart of the citv, 
diverting water from the upper river to a basin and 
forebay located at the edge of the high bank of the 
lower river. The main power station of this devel- 
opment, which is owned by the Niagara Falls 
Hydraulic Power & Manufacturing Company, is 
located at the water's edge in the gorge, a short dis- 
tance below the upper steel arch bridge. Water is 
conducted from the forebay to the turbines in the 
station below through huge steel penstocks that 
stand out from the cliff in column form. There 
are many wheels, and while viewing the installation 
a grand idea of the development of power is ob- 
tained. The cliff-top is the location of numerous 
factories and mills, several of which have their indi- 
vidual sources of power. Pretty streams pour from 
the face of the high bank indicating the individual 
developments, also forming one of the really pic- 
turesque features of Niagara. At present about 
50,000 horse-power is being developed by the water 
of the canal, but this is to be extended to 100,000 
horse-power. A new power house is being built at 
the water's edge in the gorge, and before manv 
months have passed the power output of Niagara 
will be increased through its operation. 

Under the streets of the city, at a depth of nearly 
200 feet, there is another torrent rushing from the 
upper to the lower river. This, too, is a portion of 
the water man has diverted for power purposes, and 
it plunges along, in volume nearly double what 
many notable streams carry, through a brick-lined 
tunnel that is 21 feet high and 18 feet wide. In 
length this tunnel is 7,436 feet, and it is built in 



form of a horseshoe. It performs the service of a 
tail-race in carrying off the water discharged from 
the mightv turbines in the two great power stations 
of the Niagara Falls Power Company, located more 
than a mile back up the river from the brink of the 
falls. The water from this tunnel is discharged 
into the lower river just below the upper steel arch 
bridge, and is plainly visible from Prospect Park. 

This great tunnel is a part of the plan of the 
Niagara Falls Power Company's development. The 
power houses of this company are two in number, 
and their installations are unequaled in any part of 
the world. In perfecting its development, the Niag- 
ara Falls Power Company built an inlet canal that 
diverts a small portion of the flow of the upper 
river. On each side of this canal a great wheel-pit 
has been sunk, and at the bottom of these pits the 
turbines are installed. The wheel-pit under power 




r 



Inceriot Pouer House, Niagara Fowcf Cuiup;tii>. 



house No. I is 424 feet long, 18 feet wide and 178 
feet deep, while the pit under power house No. 2 
has a length of 463 feet, width of i 8 feet, and a depth 
of 178 feet. These wheel-pits are cut out of solid 
rock, and are the greatest slots ever sunk in the 
earth. Water is conveyed from the inlet canal to 
the turbines at the bottom of the pits through large 
penstocks or pipes. The power houses are built 
right over the pits. The beauty of these buildings 
will command attention. They are built of stone 
along lines that are architecturally perfect, and their 
appearance is most pleasing. The turbines in the 
wheel-pits are connected with the generators in the 
power stations above by long tube shafts, and by 
this means the motion of the wheels is communi- 
cated to the generators. Briefly stated, the diverted 
water of the upper river flows into the canal and to 
the penstocks, down which it rushes upon the tur- 
bines, causing them to revolve at high speed. By 
means of the shaft connection between the turbines 
and the generators the latter are caused to revolve, 
generating the electric current that has made, and is 
making, Niagara famous. The unit of development 
in these two power stations is 5,000 horse power. 
In other words, each turbine and connected gener- 
ator has an output capacity of 5,000 horse power. 
There are ten units in power house No. i, making 
the total output capacity of that station 50,000 
horse power, which is believed to be more electric 
power than is generated under any other single roof 
in the world. In power house No. 2, the installa- 
tion of which is nearing completion, there are to be 
1 1 units, or a total of 55,000 horse power. The 
combined force of these two mammoth and trulv 




. Aortdeiful sta- 
tions gives the 
L g a r a F al 1 s 
i&lirSSiJft. Power Company con- 
jcupciitiuus amount ot 105,000 horse 
Estimating man, in full vigor, capable of 
performing the labor of one-tenth horse power for 
eight hours a day, it is apparent that it would require 
ten men to equal each horse power in these stations, 
or more than 1,000,000 men to equal the mightv 
force that is generated under these two roofs at Ni- 
agara. Man has reached that point in his career 
where he deems eight hours a day's work. Niagara 
power is constant. The supplv is unlimited. At 
every hour of the day and night it is on tap, requir- 
ing but the simple throwing of a switch to bring it 
into service. Thus if we were to make three shifts 
of humanity to work as Niagara works, an armv of 
over 3,000,000 men would be required to keep up 
the energy represented by this diverted force con- 
trolled by man. 

From the power houses the generated current is 
sent in all directions. It operates the trolley cars in 



^ 



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Buffalo, and between Niagara Falls and Burtalo. 
It gives life to startling industrial features ot the 
Queen Citv, operating i^rain elevators, printing 
establishments, large factories, stretching all the way 
for miles along the river toward Lake Erie. Lock- 
port also profits b) the development at Niagara, 
and its troUev cars and manufacturing plants are 
operated bv the transmitted current. Over 350 
miles of electric railwav and 150 industrial establish- 
ments are operated bv the subtle current, while Buf- 
falo, Niagara Falls, and the Tonawandas find in it 
the source of their illumination. Between Niagara 
Falls and Buffalo there are three transmission sys- 
tems, comprising six cables ot copper and three of 
aluminum. These cables are erected on pole lines 
that stand on private rights ot way. The trans- 
mission of Niagara power to Buffalo is made at 
20,000 volts. 

In full view of the big power houses stand fac- 
tories which have strange products — products that 
were practically unknown to the United States ere 
the Niagara development gave them vigor. Niagara 
Falls leads the world in the manufacture of aluminum, 
and practicallv all that is made in the country is the 
product of the two Niagara plants. Acheson, the 
electric furnace expert, found Niagara an inspiration. 
His processes for the manufacture of Carborundum 
and manufactured graphite are in full operation on 
the lands of the Niagara Falls Power Company, 
and his furnace in which Niagara's latest and most 
wonderful product, Siloxicon, is made is operated by 
the current from these big stations. The majority 
of the electro-chemical processes operated at Niagara 
are kept secret, and it is possible to gain admission to 



K 



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but tew of the plants. However, their product flows 
steadily from the pots and furnaces in response to the 
magical influence of the electric energy of Niagara. 

Over on the Canadian side, in the pretty pre- 
cincts ot Victoria Free Park, three other power 
projects are being hurried to completion. First 
among these is that of the Canadian Niagara 
Power Company, controlled by the Niagara Falls 
Power Company. This company has sunk a great 
wheel-pit and excavated a tunnel in order to develop 
a portion of the power of the Horseshoe F'all. 
The tunnel is 2,200 feet long, and slightly larger 
than the tunnel on the New York side. The 
method ot development will be identical with that 
of the Niagara Falls Power Company, the tunnel 
discharging its i^ow at the Canadian edge and the 
base of the Horseshoe Fall. A remarkable feature 
of this development will be that the unit will be 
10,000 horse-power, or double that in service in 
the big stations on the New York side. The com- 
]-'an\''? output will be about 100,000 horse-power. 




^^^ 



.^ffi^y^ml 




Niagara ealis Hyarauiic >'ower ana Manutaciuring t_ompany. 



K 



e. 



The Ontario Power Company is also the pos- 
sessor of rights for the development of power on 
the Canadian side. Its plan is verv similar to that 
of the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power & Manufac- 
turing Company on the New York side, in that its 
station will be located in the gorge at the water's 
edge. It will stand close up by the Horseshoe 
Fall, and the water for the operation of the wheels 
will flow from the upper river, throug;h Victoria 
Park, through a large covered flume concealed from 
view. 

Another company at work with designs on the 
power of the famous old waterfall is known as the 
Toronto and Niagara Power Company. In its de- 
velopment this company has adopted a plan very 
similar to that of the Canadian Niagara Power 
Company. It will sink a wheel-pit and dig a tun- 
nel from the pit to the lower river. This com- 
pany's power house will be located above that of 
the Canadian Niagara Power Company, and its 
tunnel will seek the lower river right under the 
river bed, discharging behind the sheet of falling 
water. 

Work on these three last-mentioned projects is 
now at full headway, and thousands of men are 
laboring night and day ; but, despite this eager 
onslaught, it should be remembered that the Great 
Upper Lakes form the reservoir from .^^ 

which the Falls of Niagara receive 
their supply of water, and that so 
long as this reservoir keeps full the 
beauty of Niagara will be unimpaired 
— a sublime spectacle for future gen- 
erations to enjoy. 




OKKIN t DUNLAP 



S) 



re 




THK NIAGARA FALLS AND BUFFALO 
PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 

H K Niagara Falls Public 
Library can trace its ances- 
try back to 1 814, when an 
association of citizens start- 
ed with forty books, what 
was called, the Grand 
Niagara Library. In 1838 
a tax of S20 was voted for 
the purchase of books for 
a district library. This was the beginning of an 
institution which has occupied several homes. It 
started its existence in a small recitation room on 
the first floor of the old Third Street School, but 
was soon crowded out and moved to the Frontier 
Mart on Falls Street. It was next found in the 
Y. M. C. A. room on the upper floor of a building 
on the corner of Main and Cherry streets. It was 
shortly moved back to the Frontier Mart on the 
second floor, then to the upper floor. The next 
change was to the third floor of Ryan's Block, and 
from there to a room on the third floor of the Arcade 
Building. Surely an institution that has made so 
brave a struggle for existence deserves a permanent 
home. 

The perpetuation of the District School Library 
was largely due to the untiring eftbrts of James F. 
Trott, who molded public sentiment and gratuitously 
discharged the duties of librarian for fifty years. 

On February i, 1895, the District School Library 
ceased and the Niagara Falls Public Library opened 
its doors under the new charter. In 1898 the 



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library was moved to the room it now occupies in 
the Arcade Building. 

The library has fallen heir to books from different 
sources. Some of the books from Suspension 
Bridge District School Library found a home on 
our shelves. The children of James F. Trott have 
started a reference collection in memorv of their 
father, and we have reason to be proud of the Porter 
Collection of Books Relating to Niagara Falls, the 
gitt ot Peter A. Porter. Our books and newspapers 
tor the blind have made several readers happv, and 
ours was the first library to avail itself of the privi- 
leges extended by the New "V'ork State Librarv for 
the Blind. 

In May, 1900, the Branch, which has become a 
sturdy child of the Library, was opened at the cor- 
ner of Main Street and Cleveland Avenue. We 
have also a station at F-chota, where books are sent 
once everv week. 




Niagara Fall^ I 



The Library at present numbers about 12,000 
volumes and had a circulation last year of 76,148. 

On March 8, 1901, Mr. Carnegie numbered us 
amoncr the fortunate ones to receive a gift of 
350,000 for a building, and in October of the same 
vear the citv purchased a site on Main Street, corner 
of Ashland Avenue, a location accessible to all parts 
of the city, and where our new library building is 
now nearly completed. 

The Niagara Frontier Historical Society will have 
its home in the new building. An auditorium has 
been provided, so that library talks, w'hich w-ere so 
successfully begun in the present library room, may 
be continued under more favorable conditions. In 
a growing citv like Niagara Falls there is no limit 
to the possibilities of its library. 

The library hours are from 9 A. M. until 9. P. M. 
on week days and on Sunday afternoons, for reading, 
from 2 until 6. 

The Branch hours are from 1 until 5.30 and from 
- until q P. M. 



BUFFALO LIBRARIES. 

Buffalo is easily accessible from Niagara Falls, 
either by the numerous trains of the New York 
Central or by the trolley road. Round trip fifty 
cents. The Buffalo Libraries and other public 
institutions are ready to receive the members of the 
A. L. A. at any time, but Buffalo Day is Saturday, 
June 2/t/j. 

Both roads run parallel with the river and before 
reaching Buffalo pass through Echota, the Power 
Company's village; La Salle, where the explorer 



built the first boat to sail the great lakes ; Gratw ick, 
North Tonavvanda, and Tonawanda, all lumber 
markets. 

BUFFALO PUBLIC LIBRARY. 

Buffalo Public Library Building : ( Buffalo Public Liorary, 
Society of Natural Sciences, Fine Arts Academy ) Washington 
Street — one block from Main Street — facing Lafayette Square, in 
which stands the Soldiers' Monument. Leave the New York 
Central road at Terrace Station. Five minutes' walk. Niagara 
Falls trolley at terminus. 

While the Buffalo Public Library is but six years 
old, its collections and its history began as A 
far back as 1816 — but two S« 

years after the village of A R 

Buffalo had been ^ ^lk\ U 

burned by the ,_ 

British and 
their Indian 
allies. In 
1836 t h L 
Young Men's 
Association 
was formed and absorbed inv. ujucj library associa- 
tions. In 1864 this association bought the property 
which is still held by the Buffalo Library, upon which 
the Hotel Iroquois now stands — a large part of the 
purchase money having been raised by a popular 
subscription. The Young Men's Association 
became the Young Men's Librarv, and in 1886 the 
Buffalo Library. 

In 1884, another large amount being raised by 
popular subscription for a fireproof building, the 
present building was erected, and its doors were 
opened in January, 1887. 




In ] 897 the Buffalo Public Library was organized 
by a contract between the Citv of Buffalo and the 
Burtalo Library. The building was remodeled and 
thrown open as a free public library on September 
2, 1897. 

The last annual report showed that the library 
contained 188,846 bound volumes and the circula- 
tion for 1902 was i,094,86j. Outside the main 
building, books are circulated through the William 
Ives Branch, two depositories in settlement houses, 
ten delivery stations, and 598 grade libraries in 
thirty-two grammar schools. 

Basement. — Department of schools and traveling 
libraries. 

First floor. — Delivery room, Autograph room, 
Open-shelf room. Reference room. Stacks, Office 
and Catalogue room. 

Second floor. — Periodical room. Children's rooms. 

The Newspaper room is in a separate building 
adjoining the Library building. 

GROS\'ENOR LIBRARY. 

Grosvenor Librarv, corner of Franklin and Edward streets, 
fifteen minutes' walii from Lafayette Square. From the Erie or 
New York Central stations take Main Street, Baynes Street, or 
Elmwood .Avenue cars. From Niagara Falls trolley, transfer at 
Lafayette Square to the corner of Main and Edward streets, walk- 
ing one square, passing between St. Louis ("R. C. ) Church and 
the Teck Theater. 

A free reference library founded by Mr. Seth 
Grosvenor, a prominent merchant who came to 
Buffalo from Connecticut in 1811. He died in 
New York, a bachelor, in 1857, leaving several 
public benefactions. For the establishment of a 
" library of reference in the Citv of Buffalo," he 



1 o 



lett 530,000, the increase of which was to be used 
in the purchase of books and 5 10,000 for the erec- 
tion of a building. The city was to provide for 
the running expenses, and it doubled the building 
fund at that time. The Library occupied rented 
quarters for twenty-five years, and the building fund 
increased. In 1895 its present building was erected 
at a cost of Si 00,000. When the Buffalo Public 
Library was established a liberal provision was 
made by the cit)' for the maintenance of the 
Grosvenor Library. In 1897 a new catalogue was 
commenced, which is now well advanced toward 
completion. The Grosvenor has about 65,000 
volumes, and is open to the public week davs from 
<) A. M. to TO P. M., and from i ro 6 P. M. 
Sundays. 

BUFF.ALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

ButFalo Historical Society. Leave the New York Central at the 
Black Rock Station, taking Forest Avenue Car and transfer at Elm- 
wood .Avenue north. Buffalo State Hospital on the left. New 
building { The .Albright Gallerv ) for the Buffalo Fine -Arts .Academv 
on the right. From down town take Elmwood cars direct. 

The building of the Buffalo Historical Society 
was erected jointly by the Society, the City of Buf- 
falo and the State of New York, at a cost of 
S200,ooo, and was used as the State Building during 
the Pan-American Exposition. The Buffalo His- 
torical Society was organized in i86a. Its library 
— free reference — contains 12,000 bound volumes 
and 8,000 pamphlets, largely local history, town 
history, genealogy, and general Americana. 

The Society is also custodian of the Lord Li- 
brary, owned by the City of Buffalo, consisting of 



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10,500 vol- 
umes of the- 
ology, incu- 
nabula and 
belle lettres. 
The private 
1 i b r a r \ 
I 1,500 vol- 
u m e s I o t 
Millard Fill- 
more is also r.:..T;,.n „..i,|.„..r ._ .. r.jMa;.,^. 

in the possession of this Society. The Historical 
Society museum is made up of collections of relics 
of Buffalo and Western New York from the pioneer 
days and of the various American wars; the James' 
collection of coins; the Greene Oriental and Egyp- 
tian collection ; the Francis' Lincoln collection, etc. 
Free lectures are given every Sunday afternoon 
at four o'clock. 




THE BUFFALO. CATHOLIC INSTITUTE. 

BuiFalo Catholic Institute. Corner of Main and V'irginia streets, 
one block north of Grosvenor Library. 

The Buffalo Catholic Institute (1866) is a sub- 
scription circulating library of about 11,000 books. 
It is free to all for reference, and issues without 
charge members' tickets to the pupils of the R. C. 
parochial schools, academies, and colleges. 



Zq] 



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reading, for the large it number, at the least eost.'^ 



AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 




I \ E Association was founded 
at Philadelphia on Octo- 
ber 6, 1876, with a mem- 
bership of sixtv-four. It 
was incorporated Decem- 
ber 10, 1879. Up to 
V ^~ ~ April 15, 1903, 2,768 
members have been enrolled, and the present mem- 
bership numbers 1,260. It has held tsventv-four 
conferences, and has twice participated in an inter- 
national conference at London. It aims bv organ- 
ization to effect needed reforms and improvements ; 
by cooperation, to lessen the labor and expense of 
library administration ; by discussion, to utilize the 
experiments and experience of the profession ; by 
meetings, to promote acquaintance and esprit de 
corps. Anyone engaged in library work may 
become a member by paying the annual fee of 52. 

It is interesting to note that of the sixtv-four 
who organized the Association, fifteen are still active 
members. Of these, Mr. C. A. Cutter, of the 
Forbes Library, Northampton, has the highest 
record of attendance in the Association, having 
been present at twenty-one conferences. 



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T. 



PROGRAM MK. 



Prt'sirient : Dr. J. K. HoSMER, 

Public Library, .Minneapolis, Minn. 

Si-crctiirv : J. I. Wver, Jr., 

University of Nebraska Library, Lincoln. 

Treasurer: Gardner M. Jones, 

Public Library, Salem, .Mass. 



TWEXTY-FIFTH AnNU.-VL MeETING, Ni.-VGARA FaLLS, 

N. Y., June 22-27, 190'?. 



3.00 F. .\I 
8.00 P, \I 



OUTLINE OF PROGRAMME. 

Monda\^ 'June 22d. 

Aleeting of Council. 
First general session. 
Informal reception bv local committee and 

officers. 
Dancing later. 



Tuesday-, June j ,'rf. 

9.30 A. .\I. Second general session. 

Announcements bv the secretary. 
-Announcements b\' the local committee. 
The New York State Reservation, Hon. T. 

V. Welch. 
Reports of officers and committees. 

Secretary. 

Treasurer. 

Trustees of endowment fund. 

Finance committee. 

Co-operation with N. E. A. 

Foreign documents. 

Public documents. 

International co-operation. 

Title pages and indexes to periodicals. 

Publishing board. 



At'ternoon. Free tor sishtseeinsj, committer imetintr>, ttc. 
8.c: F. M. I'hird general session. 

Address ot greeting, and remarks on Niagara 
in literature, Peter A. Porter. 

Response bv the president. 

President's address. 

Address, (joldwin Smith. 



// ,./';-, c,/</v, 'Juni J^th. 

9.30 A. M. Fourth general session. 

Business and announcements. 
Committee reports. 

A. \j. A. exhibit at Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition. Discussion. 
Handbook of American libran - 
Postal and express rates tor niiranes. IJis- 
cussion. 
■ Libraries and the book trade : 

Report of A. L. A. Committee. 
Statement b\ publisher, Mr. W. F. Zim- 
merman. 
Statements from librarians speakinv •"•■ 
small libraries. 
2.30 P. M. Simultaneous meetings as follows : 

Children's Librarians' Scrtion. first session. 

Cataract House. 
National Association ot 6tate Librarians, hrst 

session. Cataract House. 
Bibliographical Societv of Chicago, Interna- 
tional Hotel. 
Trustees' Section, Cataract House. 
8.00 P. M. Simultaneous meetings as follows : 

National Association of State Librarians, sec- 
ond session. Cataract House. 
Catalogue Section, Cataract House. 
Round table meeting on topics of interest to 
small libraries. Miss Beatrice W'inser, chair- 
num^ Cataract House. 
Librar\' school reunions, 6 to 8 o'clock. 
Council meeting, 7.30, Cataract House. 



Thursday^ Juiif J^th. 

9.30 A. M. Fifth general session. 

Librar\- training, considered as follows : 
Report of A. L. A. Committee. 
Statement of action taken by Western 

LihraiT Meeting, A. H. Hopkins. 
Librarv training as viewed by : 
(I. Trustees emplo\iiig assistants, Geo. 

A. Macbeth. 
/». Students with librarv experience both 
before and after training, Miss 
Frances Rathbone. 
I. Western librarv commission or sum- 
mer schools. Miss I.. E. Stearns. 
(1. Librarians who have employed both 
trained and untrained help. Miss 
Anne Wallace, F. P. Hill. 
(•. The new librarv school at Cleveland, 
W. H. Brett. 

Librarv administration : 

Report of A. L. A. committee. 

Essentials of a librarv report, Miss Doren, 

Mr. Foster, Mr. Gaillard. 
Weak points in librarv statistics, Mr. Bost- 
wick. Miss Stearns. 
National Association of State Librarians, third 
session. Cataract House. 

2.30 P. M. Simultaneous meetings as follows : 
College Section, Cataract House. 
State Librarv Commissions Section, first ses- 
sion. Cataract House. 
Children's Librarians' Section, second session, 
International Hotel. 



8.00 P. .\L Sixth general session. 

Fiction in public libraries, Mr. Dana, Miss 

Lord, Mr. Bostwick, Dr. Steiner. 
Greater freedom in the use of books. Dis- 

cussi"" "iv-M,>,I In F ^V Gaillard, . 



Commercial circuiatmi; libraries : their mriii- 
dice upon and relations to the public lihrarv. 
Discussion. 

Duplicate pav collections of popular l.."in>. 
Discussion. 



Friday^ 'Ju'ie 26th. 

9.30 A. .M. Seventh general session. 

Announcements. (Anminl i-lrrriiui of ..tTjcers 

during this morning.) 
L'nfinished business. 
Centralization of librarv activities : 
.A library institute, or general headquarters 

tor the A. L. A., George lies. 
Discussion : Messrs. Anderson, Canfield, 
Bowker, Richardson, Crunden. 
What individual libraries are doing : Librarv 
of Congress, Carnegie Librarv of Pittsburg, 
Cleveland Public Librarv, Buffalo Public 
Librarv, A. L. A. Publishing Board, etc. 
Summarv : Dangers and advantages of 
centralization. 
Afternoon. Council meeting, Cataract House. 
Committee meetings. 

State Librarv Commissions Section, second 
session. Cataract House. 
8.00 P. M. Eighth general session. 
Announcements. 
Unhnished business. 
Report of election tellers. 
Report of Council to Association. 
Report of Resolutions Committee. 
Address, Albert Shaw. 
Paper : What Canadian libraries are doing. 
Paper : Southern libraries, .Miss .Marv Hannah 
Johnson, Carnegie Librarv, Nashville, Tenn. 

Saturdaw, 'June 2Jth. 
Visits to Buffalo, or departure on post-conference trip. 



I o 



PROGRAMME OF COLLEGE AND REFERENCE 
SECTION, THURSDAY, JUNE 25TH. 

Subject ; " The treatment or books according to the 
amount of their use." 

Papers have been promised bv Dr. Canfield, Columbia 
University Librar\- ; Mr. W. C. Lane, Harvard University 
Library ; Mr. W. E. Foster, Providence Public Library ; 
and Professor E. D. Burton, L^niversitv of Chicago. The 
discussion will be opened bv Messrs. H. L. Elmendorf, 
J. T. Gerould, C. H. Gould, Cieorge F. Harris, and E. C- 
Richardson. 

The text for the papers and discussion will be President 
Eliot's suggestion for the joint storage of books little used, 
but many other phases of the subject will be considered, 
including the effect of " selected libraries " upon the demand 
for free access to the stack, the relation of departmental 
and group libraries to the main library, etc. 



PROGRA.MME OF CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS' 
SECTION. 

Chairman, M.'^RV E. Dol'sman. 

Fust Session, 7"'"' 2^th. 

Secretar\'s report. 
Reports of committees. 
Children's books of 1902 : 

Miss Harriet H. Stanley, Brookline, Mass. 
Discussion led b\- .Miss Abbv E. Sargent, Medford, 
Mass.; J. C. Dana, Newark, N. J. 
(Question box. Conducted by Miss L. E. Stearns. 



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Second Session, J""^ Jjth. 

Classification and cataloguino; of children's books : 
Miss Mildred A. Collar, Pratt Institute Free Librar\-, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Discussion led bv Miss Margaret Mann, Universit\ of 
Illinois Library ; Miss Catherine S. Tibbitts, Cleve- 
land, O. 
The youngest children and their books 

Miss Caroline Burnite, Carnegie Lihrar\ of Pittsburg. 
Discussion led by Miss Ertie L. Po\yer, Cle\eland, O.; 
Mrs. Mary E. Root, Providence, R. I.; Miss Electra 
C. Doreii, Davton, (). 



PROGRAMME OF A. L. A. CATALOGUE SEC- 
TION. 

First Session. 

Cataloguing of public documents, L^ S. and foreign, by 
Miss A. R. Hasse, followed by discussion. 
The A. L. A. Publishing Board's cards for British docu- 
ments, form of headings chosen, etc. 
Printed cards of the Library of Congress: 
Their various uses and practical difficulties experienced 

in their use. 
Printed analvticals. 
Printed reference cards. 
Cards for series, government documents 
Adaptation of printed to manuscript cards, ami lue versa. 
Consideration of points raised at Atlantic City meetings of 
Advisory Committee on Catalogue Rules. 

Second Session. 

Alphabeting. 

Cataloguing of illustrations. 
Unused Christian names: 
Question drawer. 



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NIAGARA FALLS PUBLIC LIBRARY. 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 

Hon. Thomas V. Welch, Frederick K. Paddock, Eugene Cary, 
Hon. John M. Hancock, Maior ,• George G. Shepard. 

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. 

Hon. Thomas V. Welch, President ; R. A. Taylor, Secretary; 
George G. Shepard, Treasurer ,- Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, Librarian. 

LOCAL COMMITTEE FOR THE AMERICAN 
LIBRARY ASSOCI.ATION. 

Hon. Thomas V. Welch, Chairman ; Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, Sec- 
retary ,- Hon. John M. Hancock, Maxir ,- Mr. Walter L. 
Brown, Buffalo ; Hon. Peter A. Porter, Buffalo ; Eugene 
Carv, Frederick K. Paddock, George .G. Shepard, 
R. A. Tavlor, William B. Rankine, W. E. Tuttle, 
E. F. Olmsted, E. R. White, E. T. Wil- 
liams, E. H. Perry, B. B. Dennison. 

SUB-COMMITTEES. 

Committee on Publishing Handbook. 

E. P. Olmsted, W. E. Tuttle, Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, 
Peter .A. Porter. 

Badge Committee. 
George G. Shepard, Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, \^'alter L. Broun. 

Hotel Rooming Committee. 

Hon. T. V. Welch, Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, E. H. Perrv, 
H. W. Isaacs. 

Committee on Railroad Rates. 
Frederick K. Paddock, Walter L. Brown, B. B. Dennison. 

Press Committee. 
E. T. Williams, E. R. White. 

Bureau of Information. 
E. F. Olmsted. 



Eugene Lary, 



Finance Committee. 

Hon. John M. Hancock, 
William B. Rankine. 



Peter A. Porter, 



Reception Committee. 
Hon. T. \' . Welch, Chairman. 



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\ 



frr-^fa.^ 



rej 



re 



THE 




LIBRARY 
STACK 



Tht iilfiil of perfected cointruction. 



THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO. 

GENERAL OFFICES and WORKS, YOUNGSTOWN, O. 



This Companv., haiing 
equipped a most complete fac- 
tory, using machtner\' to a 
greater extent than has ever 
been attempted befope in steel 
products, arc, therefore, pre- 
pared to oiferan attractive line 
of furnishings at original prod- 
uct quotations. 

Examples of the A ULSTE EL 
STACK, together with other 
accessories of the modern 
Libran.-, will be on exhibition 
at the American Library Asso- 
ciation Convention. 

Special furniture of cvcr\ 
character for ihe 

Library, 
Banking Rooi 
Public Building, 
Commercial O^ 

made to order. Dra- 
estimates freclv orfcre-;. 



At Ike special meeting or 
the Capitol Commission th-^ 
afternoon and to-night : 
contracts for the furniture 
be placed ;n the new Cap' 
of Mississippi was awarded. 

The contract for the mi- . 

stacks to be used in the Hbrnr 

stackroom was let to the f.- 

Ti: Fireproof Comp.Tn. , 

■■■wn, Ohio, ' 

,•700. 




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tke 



'tiv&ruAKOrvQ.^ -^Cfy o^XAhra: 



ao-Q-kg.- 



>mrc£LU- 



.io&Env 






W\vYw t^tx\j>cf\\'s P - U cnA.\a V> OAvT -r<vr\jt-Cs co rL^o^rfe^OTdL- 



t^£/\S£S. l*flQrV5cLsT\^ rS i nr>T>v »A«vjA^^vr«-vx^ tA r> ^ ■r.VtSfr^f /f 



W eA*.r t tt StVa--urrv^^w iivg-( ) 



A Labcir-Saving Suggestion : Vertical Filing tor Libraruns. 



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vol WILL TREASURE 
THIS PROGRAMME 



Both as a souvenir and memento 
of the present enjoyable occasion 
and as a specimen of the very 
finest engraving and printing. 

It is a fine specimen, but not 
any. better than The Complete 
Press otThe Matthews-Northrup 
Works in Buifalo is turning out 
every day for its customers. 

One point worth special con- 
sideration is in the fact that the 
book was made complete and 
throughout by The Complete 
Press ; from designing and 
arranging, through photograph- 
ing, engraving, and printing to 
binding, it is this establishment's 
work. 

"The Comi-lete Press" 

THE MATTHEWS-NORTHRUP WORKS 

1 79 Washington Street 
BUFFALO 



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e: 



Green lk)ok Stack and Snciid Shelt. 



shelf support anJ a thin 

vs or ottuT Inosc p'u-vTs, ■-■r 
^ ific sheives. Sue!; 
■c-t. ind tn- ibc par.' 



Jisitiitpcl in wittidra' 

THE ONLY bi 
supports. 

THE ONLY BOOK SHELF of steel that ^ 
tion, and weighs no more than a pine she!*' 

THE ONLY BOOK SHELF that « 

THE ONLY BOOK STACK that u. 
or dust. 

A BOOK STACK that is simple, compact, rigid, and fireproof. 

THE STACK is finishr>i iri r:i::.£_ :he SHELVES in enamel; paint should be applied 
to the immovable parts beca . rack or peel and can be removed at any lime. 



.ri shelves and shelf 



>'ad without deflec- 



iin and receptacles 



Used in the new Library of Congress at Washington, and manv small libraries East, 
West, N'ort1i,and South. Made in less expensive form, srrr.i.^.rrnr.ior ;V.r ^m.\U :-hrar:rs, 
lawyers' offices, and private libraries. 



MANCFACTURED BV 



THE SNEED 6c CO. IRON WORKS, 

Foot of Pine Street, JERSEY CITY, N. J. 

Also Contractors and Manufacturers of all classes of Structural and Ornamental Iron Worfc 
for BuHiings. Artist .Artisans in Wrought Iron and Bronze. 



GREAT GORGE ROUTE 

GIVES YOU. NIAGARA 
IN ITS MADNESS 
IN ITS Q_UIETNESS 
IN ITS SPLENDOR 
IN ITS MAIESTY 



No 1 RIP TO Niagara Complete Withol r I his. 



K 



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DELEGATES AND VISITORS 

TO THF. 

TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE 

OF THE 

AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 

ARE CORDLALLY INVITED 
TO \'ISIT 

The Xatural Food Conservator^' 

and to witness 

the interesting process 
of manufacture of 

SHREDDED WHOLE WHEAT BISCUIT. 



Guides in attendance. 



No CHARGE. 



THE NATURAL FOOD COMPANY, 



NIAGARA FALLS. 



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:C 






To Booklovers. 



There are books to get out of a librar>' t 
aU'M : — books to read once and throw 
year. Emerson, by the way. wa> not the n 



i ling, and there are ^iH7ks /<< 

' k- '. Vivi: \\]'Ai vc:ir after 



came out he read an old 
pic>.c> of Action in a i\L-\y f.rn 
'- :'n: an t-ntirety /. 



1 he Century Co ha 
— .iiid .z xt'fus that " . 

1 ukcn together tiv; 



The English Comedie 
H um aine. 



S;r Rogc 



Bv Addison and Steele. 



The yicar of H'akefie'J. 






T!i^ r-rli. 



*^The English 
Comedie Humaine,'' 



re-jonsirui.iing 
i-cntury readers 
in-twccn ihe i 



Bv Olivbh Goldsmith. 

The Man of Feeling, 

V. " 

1:11 Tl. Thcsethr- 
j iL^liih life in the nr 
.ire bound toifethcr, .lu'i 1..1111 1 .H'liiij 1 .ji mu =.-i.'i 

Pamela. By Samcel Richarosos, 

741. Created an ep-icli in the history of I£nt;lisli i^<:- 
tion— reoonitnendcit I'roiu llie pulpit, prai$e<l in clubs 
and cotfce-ruoin^, imitated in other literatures. 

yoseph Andrezvi. Bv Henrt Fielding. 
X'rz. In part a p.irody of Richardson's'* Pamela." 
Fielding seta before us Eoj^listi society as he found it. 

Humphry Clinker. By Tobias Smollett. 
1771. ■' The most lAuyhable story.'" Th.\ckeray call- 
ed it, •• written stJice the goodly art of novel-writing: 
began." 

Pride and Prejudice. Bv Jane Ai'^tfs. 

ItJlS. Its subject is middle^la&s En^li^l< 
and ii is portrayed with an insight which 1 
passed. 

Guy Aiannering. Bv Sir Walter Sott. 
lalS. Scott's great novel of cliaraclcr and manners. 
Coningsbw Bv Benjamin Di i 

IS**. The t>est of Disraeli's novcK — a : 
picture ofaribto.:raiii: life m Uogtand neaiU . 
ago. 

yane Eyre. Bv Charlotte Bronte. 

IMT. Not only a powerful love story, but ctjually 
not.il>le as a picture of Hnglish provincial life. 

The Caxtons. Bv Bi'Lwer LYTTt»N. 

imy. Most inspiring and wholesome of Bulwcr 

I novels. 

It Is Nfver Too Late to Mend. 

By Charles Readb. I 
1*56. This is the )>ook which iliil so much to stimu- 
late public interest in social regeneration in England. 

Sarcheiter Towert. 

Bv Anthonv Trollope. 
ISAi. The best of TroUope's novels, a study of life 
in Ihe imaginary cathedral town of Barchester < Salts- 
l.;jry., 

Adam Bede. By Gborgb Eliot 



, t.-niprr of the story rcprcscnr 
iiirnlled English thought 
^e nineteenth century. I 



f T t'.v-_'nri'_-ih- 



\tt Bal- 



\\\K^\\' •■■.\ *'\\'.\^ some of 

tbcbe books, but few own many 

nf th-rm. Thev were hclected 

■ they arc 

rm (the 

- rr^pr... 



f ; ,iH 

jyp-.', nil,. p-'["-- •' '---' 'i^'h 
binding, with leather tip, — 
nothini* hsnd^^mrr i«r more use- 
ful ■■ y librarj'. 
a v,-ry 
g md they 
liit.i. rr . c'.d It: u r I'ty /i>tv 
pricf. If you want a set, send 
at once. Oet the hook^ in time 
to have them sent to your 
sumtiter hovie : ^h-e yourself 
tkf treat, this sumtn^f, of 



volumes is %\'l, payable 
monthly installnient-i, and 



the set, charges paid, on receipt 
of 81. If not saiisfactiiry. 
return th- '■ ' -•'■'■ -ac will re- 
turn the > coupon. 
TH .1. 



i.u-K. THP i-i-Vli'KV C'l 



lor one year. 
>rh f..r II months. 



EVERY LIBRARY AND LIBRARIAN 

Should oivn ff^ebster' s Interr.ationaly 
Tin- fiFiT PRACTICJI If'ORKING DILTlOSjiRT. 




A. H. Saycc. I.L.D.. l 
I'liivcrsity, Enslaiid. h 
marvelous work; it is dithcuk tif c 
ccive of a Dictionary more cxliai- 
.ind complete. Everything is in it. 



THE NEW EM la^itfs. with 5,0041 illustrations, and is printed from new plates 

throughout. 'JS-'WO ; s h.tve rcc-tncly been added under the editorship of W. T. 

Harris. Ph.D.. LL.D., L'. 6. ■^^■.-..•.■.■.i^^Mic: of Education. 

Let us irnd you sptctmen pages and trttimoniah from many eminent authorities. 

G. .V C. MERRIAM CO , Plbiishers - - - SpRiNnriELn, .Mas^ 








■' SIANUARD 

ALL 
STEEL 
BOOK 
STACKS 

PUBLIC 
LIBRARY 

\ I A G A R A 
I ALLS, N. V. 



SUPPLIED BY 



ARi AihlAL LUNblRLLTlON CO. 

lAMESTOWN, N'. V. 



D. VAN NO STRAND COMPANY 

Have recently issucJ new editions of their Catalogue published in parts, as follows, which 

will be sent gratis on applicatien : 

Part I. Books or: Steam, Steam Engines, Machinery, Etc., - 

P.\RT II. B'jcis on Electricity, Electric Lighting, Etc., gO /i^y 

Part III. Books or. Chemistry, Chemical Technology, and PhvMi.;. lu pa^t-. 

P.\BT I\'. Books or. Civil Engineering, Hydratl^^, and Water Supply, In Press. 

D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, 

PuUisi,'! ur.J Bcoksrllcr,, 

z\ Ml'rrav and z- Wabren >treets, new YORK. 



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